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<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Freston causewayed enclosure"><img alt="Map of the Freston causewayed enclosure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png/149px-Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png" decoding="async" width="149" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png/224px-Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png/298px-Freston_site_map_and_cropmarks.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="965" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Map of the Freston causewayed enclosure</div></div>
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<p><b><a href="/wiki/Freston_causewayed_enclosure" title="Freston causewayed enclosure">Freston</a></b> is a Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">causewayed enclosure</a> at an archaeological site near the village of <a href="/wiki/Freston,_Suffolk" title="Freston, Suffolk">Freston</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, England. The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_British_Isles" title="Neolithic British Isles">Neolithic</a> enclosure was first identified in 1969 from <a href="/wiki/Cropmark" title="Cropmark">cropmarks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aerial_archaeology" title="Aerial archaeology">aerial photographs</a>. At 8.55 hectares (21.1 acres), it is one of the largest causewayed enclosures in Britain, and would have required thousands of <a href="/wiki/Man-hour#Similar_units" title="Man-hour">person-days</a> to construct. The cropmarks show an enclosure with two circuits of ditches, and a <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> that ran between the two circuits. There is also evidence of a rectangular structure in the northeastern part of the site, which may be a <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">Neolithic long house</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> hall. Excavation in 2019 indicated that the site was constructed in the mid–4th millennium BC. Other finds included oak charcoal fragments believed to come from the palisade, and evidence of a long ditch to the southeast that probably predated the enclosure, and which may have accompanied a <a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">long barrow</a>, a form of Neolithic burial mound. The site has been protected as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled monument</a> since 1976. (<b><a href="/wiki/Freston_causewayed_enclosure" title="Freston causewayed enclosure">Full&#160;article...</a></b>)
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<ul><li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/Mingxing" title="Mingxing">Mingxing Film Company</a></b> <i>(logo pictured)</i> paid off a gangster so that it could release <i><b><a href="/wiki/Fate_in_Tears_and_Laughter_(film)" title="Fate in Tears and Laughter (film)">Fate in Tears and Laughter</a></b></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#63;</span></li>
<li>... that brickmason <b><a href="/wiki/Donum_Montford" title="Donum Montford">Donum Montford</a></b> likely purchased his own freedom from slavery and became a prominent slave-owner?</li>
<li>... that Brazil's Ministry of Education <b><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Weintraub%E2%80%93Wikipedia_controversy" title="Abraham Weintraub–Wikipedia controversy">threatened legal action</a></b> against the Portuguese Wikipedia over the article for <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Weintraub" title="Abraham Weintraub">its minister</a>?</li>
<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Soda_Kaichi" title="Soda Kaichi">a Japanese man</a></b> raised more than 1,000 Korean orphans during the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese occupation of Korea</a>?</li>
<li>... that although over half a million troy ounces of gold have been mined from <b><a href="/wiki/Valdez_Creek" title="Valdez Creek">Valdez Creek</a></b>, surveys suggest that more is likely undiscovered?</li>
<li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Katerina_Clark" title="Katerina Clark">Katerina Clark</a></b> wrote "a brave and intelligent study of the Soviet novel"?</li>
<li>... that during <a href="/wiki/Frank_Ocean" title="Frank Ocean">Frank Ocean</a>'s performance of "<b><a href="/wiki/Close_to_You_(Frank_Ocean_song)" title="Close to You (Frank Ocean song)">Close to You</a></b>" at <a href="/wiki/FYF_Fest" title="FYF Fest">FYF Fest</a> in 2017, giant screens live-streamed Brad Pitt acting out a phone conversation backstage?</li>
<li>... that <i><b><a href="/wiki/Aon_v_Australian_National_University" title="Aon v Australian National University">Aon v Australian National University</a></b></i> overturned a precedent that encouraged litigation-prolonging amendments to pleadings?</li>
<li>... that vehicles in <i><b><a href="/wiki/Star_Trucker" title="Star Trucker">Star Trucker</a></b></i> still look like American semi-trucks from the 1970s, despite having technology such as <a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">warp drivers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">maglocks</a>?</li></ul>
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<ul><li>American filmmaker <b><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> dies at the <span class="nowrap">age of 78</span>.</li>
<li>South Korean president <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> is <b><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Arrest of Yoon Suk Yeol">arrested</a></b> after <a href="/wiki/2024_South_Korean_martial_law_crisis" title="2024 South Korean martial law crisis">his declaration of martial law</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> <b><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election">is elected</a></b> president of Lebanon after a two-year vacancy, and <a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Nawaf Salam</a> is nominated as prime minister.</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_N%27Djamena_attack" title="2025 N&#39;Djamena attack">An attack</a></b> on the presidential palace in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N&#39;Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, Chad, results in 19 deaths.</li></ul>
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<h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2>
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<p><b><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a></b>:
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> – <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">A number of previously independent states united</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, with <b><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">Wilhelm&#160;I</a></b> as <a href="/wiki/German_Emperor" title="German Emperor">German Emperor</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> – Construction began in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea, on the <b><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">United Nations Military Cemetery</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i>, the only <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> cemetery in the world.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/Navvab_Safavi" title="Navvab Safavi">Navvab Safavi</a></b>, an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> cleric and the founder of the fundamentalist group <a href="/wiki/Fada%27iyan-e_Islam" title="Fada&#39;iyan-e Islam"><span class="nowrap">Fada'iyan-e</span> Islam</a>, was executed with three of his followers for attempting to assassinate Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Ala%27" title="Hossein Ala&#39;">Hossein Ala'</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> – Thousands of Japanese police stormed the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> after six months of <b><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931969_Japanese_university_protests" title="1968–1969 Japanese university protests">nationwide leftist university student protests and occupations</a></b>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> – Thirty years after his death, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> presented commemorative medals to the family of American athlete <b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" title="Jim Thorpe">Jim Thorpe</a></b>, who had been stripped of his gold medals for playing semi-professional baseball before the <a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Summer Olympics</a>.</li></ul>
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<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha,_Chile,_2016-02-10,_DD_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aucanquilcha"><img alt="Aucanquilcha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG/550px-Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="550" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG/825px-Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG/1100px-Volc%C3%A1n_Aucanquilcha%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-10%2C_DD_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792" /></a></span>
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<p><b><a href="/wiki/Aucanquilcha" title="Aucanquilcha">Aucanquilcha</a></b> is a large <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Region" title="Antofagasta Region">Antofagasta Region</a> of northern Chile, just west of the border with Bolivia and within the <a href="/wiki/Alto_Loa_National_Reserve" title="Alto Loa National Reserve">Alto Loa National Reserve</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Andean_Volcanic_Belt#Central_Volcanic_Zone" title="Andean Volcanic Belt">Central Volcanic Zone</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, it takes the form of a ridge, with a maximum height of 6,176 metres (20,262 ft). The volcano is embedded in a larger cluster of volcanoes known as the Aucanquilcha cluster. This was formed in stages over 11&#160;million years of activity with varying magma output, including <a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">lava domes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava flows</a>. Aucanquilcha was formed from four units that erupted between 1.04 and 0.23&#160;million years ago. During the <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice ages</a>, both the principal Aucanquilcha complex and the other volcanoes of the cluster were subject to <a href="/wiki/Glacial_period" title="Glacial period">glaciation</a>, resulting in the formation of <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">cirques</a>.
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<p style="text-align:center;"><small>Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Poco_a_poco" title="User:Poco a poco">Diego Delso</a></small></p>
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<h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia's sister projects</h2>
<div id="mp-sister-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style>
<p>Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/">projects</a>:
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">
<ul id="sister-projects-list">
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mw:">MediaWiki</a></span><br />Wiki software development</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/35px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/53px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/70px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a></span><br />Wikimedia project coordination</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">Wikispecies</a></span><br />Directory of species</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-light"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></span><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/62px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/82px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div>
  <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages</h2>
<div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style>
<div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion">
<p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below.
</p>
<ul class="plainlinks">
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>&#8206;</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">閩南語</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
  <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container">
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
    <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div>
    <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div>
  </div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
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				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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				<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span>

<span></span>
			</a>
		</div>
			<div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons">
				<button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span>

<span>49 languages</span>
			</button>
			<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span>

<span>Add topic</span>
			</a>
		</div>
			<div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end">
				<div class="vector-user-links">
				</div>
			</div>
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<div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom">
	<ul></ul>
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GET https://en.wikipedia.org/
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1067
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Last-Modified:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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mw-web.codfw.main-66fb676896-8gkg8
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Raw Measurement Data

Raw Measurement Data